The Role of Occupational and Physical Therapists in Assistive Technology

By Srivalli Koppakula

Introduction

Assistive technology (AT) plays an essential role in helping people with disabilities live more independent, confident, and fulfilling lives. However, technology by itself does not create change — it’s how it is chosen, customized, and taught that truly matters. That’s where occupational therapists (OTs) and physical therapists (PTs) come in.

These professionals bridge the gap between medical care and real-life function. They help people find, learn, and adapt assistive devices that best fit their individual needs. Their guidance ensures that assistive technology is not only available but effective, safe, and empowering [1].

The Role of Occupational Therapists

Occupational therapists focus on helping people perform meaningful daily activities — whether that’s writing, eating, working, or studying. In assistive technology, OTs:

• Assess personal abilities and challenges: They evaluate fine motor skills, sensory needs, and cognitive function.

• Recommend adaptive devices: From pencil grips and communication boards to voice-command systems and adaptive utensils.

• Train users and caregivers: OTs provide step-by-step instructions to ensure people use their devices safely and confidently.

• Promote participation and inclusion: They help integrate AT into everyday life at home, school, or work.

For example, an OT might help a student with limited hand control use a touchscreen tablet for note-taking or assist an adult with arthritis by suggesting ergonomic tools that reduce pain.

The Role of Physical Therapists

Physical therapists specialize in movement, strength, and posture. Their focus on assistive technology is ensuring mobility devices are safe, comfortable, and functional. PTs:

• Evaluate posture and movement: They assess how people sit, stand, and move to find the most suitable mobility aids.

• Recommend and fit mobility devices: This includes wheelchairs, braces, prosthetics, and standing frames.

• Collaborate with engineers or vendors: PTs ensure devices are customized to prevent strain or injury.

• Prevent complications: Proper seating and alignment help avoid pressure sores and improve comfort [2].

For instance, a PT may work with a child who has cerebral palsy to find a wheelchair that supports healthy posture and gives them better control over their mobility.

Why Their Role Matters

The involvement of therapists ensures that assistive technology is more than just equipment; it becomes a pathway to independence. Their input ensures:

1. Personalized care: Devices are chosen based on a person’s unique strengths and goals.

2. Safety and comfort: Proper fitting reduces pain and secondary injuries.

3. Training and confidence: Therapists teach people how to use devices effectively.

4. Long-term success: Research shows that therapist involvement reduces device abandonment and increases satisfaction [3].

Therapists lend meaning and purpose to assistive technology, enabling individuals to benefit from it.

Collaboration and Teamwork

Effective assistive technology use often involves teamwork. OTs and PTs collaborate with:

• Speech-language pathologists (SLPs): For communication and speech devices.

• Teachers and educators: To integrate technology into learning.

• Rehabilitation engineers: To adapt or design devices.

• Families and caregivers: For continued support at home [4].

For example, a child with muscular dystrophy might use a power wheelchair recommended by a PT, adaptive writing tools suggested by an OT, and a speech device designed by an SLP — all working together for one goal: independence.

Barriers and Challenges

Although therapists play a vital role, they often face challenges such as:

• Limited funding and insurance coverage for evaluations or follow-up services.

• Lack of trained professionals in rural or underserved areas.

• Rapid technological advancements that require ongoing learning.

• Time constraints within therapy and school systems [5].

These challenges can be reduced through greater investment in professional development, interdisciplinary teamwork, and public policy that recognizes the importance of AT services.

Public Health Perspective

From a public health standpoint, OTs and PTs are key to improving health equity and inclusion. Their work ensures that everyone, regardless of ability or income, can access the tools needed to live independently and participate in society.

The World Health Organization reports that over 2.5 billion people need at least one form of assistive technology, yet only a fraction have access [6]. By combining clinical expertise with social awareness, therapists help close this global gap. Their efforts also support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially those focused on good health, quality education, and reduced inequalities [7]. When people receive the right assistive technology and are taught how to use it, they not only gain independence but also improve their confidence, education, and employment opportunities.

Conclusion

Occupational and physical therapists are the driving force behind effective assistive technology. Their assessments, guidance, and collaboration ensure that devices are functional, safe, and meaningful to each individual.

Investing in their training, inclusion, and leadership within assistive technology programs is essential for building a world where everyone, regardless of disability, has the opportunity to live with dignity and independence.

References 

1. American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). (2023). Describes how occupational therapists assess and match people with appropriate assistive tools for daily living. Assistive Technology Devices and Services in Occupational Therapy

2. American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2023). Outlines the PT’s role in mobility and assistive device selection and use. Provision of Assistive Technology – APTA Policy

3. Federici, S., & Scherer, M. J. (2018). Why assistive technology users stop using their devices: A review of literature. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. PubMed Link

4. AT3 Center. (2023). Explains how state programs help therapists and consumers through device demonstrations, loans, and training. AT3 Center – Device Demonstration

5. Cook, A. M., & Polgar, J. M. (2019). Assistive Technologies: Principles and Practice. Explores professional collaboration and barriers in AT service delivery. ScienceDirect Book Page

6. World Health Organization. (2022). Global Report on Assistive Technology. Emphasizes the need for trained professionals to expand access worldwide. WHO Report PDF

United Nations. (2023). Sustainable Development Goals Report. Shows how assistive technology supports inclusion, health, and equality. UN SDGs Website